Explore the ancient settings that shaped biblical language and expectations. These studies introduce the centuries before Jesus, Second Temple Jewish assumptions, Enochic literature, divine agency, and the historical context of Israel’s Scriptures.
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The World Between Malachi and Matthew: The 400 Years That Changed Everything
Common Questions
What assumptions shaped a first-century Jewish reader?
What a First-Century Jew Assumed About Reality
Why does Jude use Enoch?
Why Jude Quoted Enoch — and Why That Matters
How did successive empires shape Jesus’ world?
Jesus Arrived at Israel’s Last Hour
How does context affect the word evil?
Did God Create Evil?
Go Deeper
Bar Enash and Bar Elahin Why “Son of Man” and “Son of God” Are Not Interchangeable Titles
We’ve Been Reading the Bible in the Wrong World
Research Library
Sent, Not Begotten: The Angel of YHWH and the Logic of Divine Agency
What They Knew Before There Was Theology
Download PDF — What They Knew Before There Was Theology
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