Textual criticism
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Chapter and verse numbers help us find passages, but they can obscure an argument. Explore how to read biblical books as connected literary works.
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What is scriptio continua? Explore how ancient writing conventions and editorial decisions affect the spacing, punctuation, and reading of biblical texts.
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Explore biblical manuscripts, translation, and textual transmission, distinguishing questions of preservation from theological claims about infallibility.
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Explore the manuscript history of John 7:53–8:11, the woman caught in adultery, and distinguish textual evidence from the story’s later reception.
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What is textual criticism? Learn how scholars compare manuscripts and evaluate variants to study the earliest recoverable wording of biblical texts.